For a decade, innovators at the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine have faced a stubborn paradox: the very breakthroughs in software and machine learning that enable early cancer detection and personalized therapy recommendations are often denied U.S. patent protection. Under the unpredictable Alice/Mayo framework, patent examiners and courts frequently categorize adaptive AI models as “abstract ideas,” equating them to mathematical exercises rather than technological advances deserving protection.